Childhood Cancer Landscape 2026 Figures and Tables

Figures

Figure 1-1: From bench to bedside: How research becomes a new therapy	Figure 1-2: Long-term trends in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma mortality versus all other pediatric cancers

Figure 1-3: Excess risk of death compared to U.S. population	Figure 4-1: Therapies for children can follow multiple research paths

Figure 4-2: Children’s Oncology Group (COG) U.S. member institutions	Figure 5-1: Special protections determine whether pediatric research may be conducted

Figure 5-2: BPCA process	Figure 6-1: CCDI molecular characterization initiative

Figure 6-2: NCCR DATA	Figure 7-1: Who funds pediatric oncology research and clinical trials?

Figure 7-2: Children’s Oncology Group (COG) annual funding	Figure 7-3: Historical NIH and NCI spending on pediatric cancer 2016-2025

Figure 7-4: Cumulative CDMRP funding for pediatric research projects FY2020-FY2025	Figure A-5: Trends in pediatric cancer mortality rates by site, ages birth to 19 years, United States, 1975 to 2024

Table 1-1: Leading sites of new cancer cases for children and adolescents: 2026 estimates	Table 1-2: Childhood and adolescent cancer incidence

Table 5-1: Oncology products with pediatric exclusivity: 2016-2025	Table 5-2: Products with planned pediatric studies under the RACE Act versus pre-RACE Act (July 1, 2020, through June 30, 2025)

Table A-1: Leading causes of death among children and adolescents (1-19 years), United States, 2024	Table A-2: Pediatric cases estimates, United States, 2026

Table A-3: Changes in pediatric cancer 5-year observed survival rates, United States	Table A-4: Changes in pediatric cancer 5-year observed survival rate, ages birth to 19 years, United States

Table A-5 Part 1: New cancer drugs approved 2016–2025 and associated PREA and BPCA activity	Table A-5 Part 2: New cancer drugs approved 2016–2025 and associated PREA and BPCA activity

Table A-5 Part 3: New cancer drugs approved 2016–2025 and associated PREA and BPCA activity	Table A-5 Part 4: New cancer drugs approved 2016–2025 and associated PREA and BPCA activity

Table A-5 Part 5: New cancer drugs approved 2016–2025 and associated PREA and BPCA activity	Table A-6 Part 1: Pediatric oncology approvals 2016–2025

Table A-6 Part 2: Pediatric oncology approvals 2016–2025	Table A-6 Part 3: Pediatric oncology approvals 2016–2025